I wrote this big fat nerd essay and then realized no one asked you the shit that like... matters.
Are you on Wifi? Is there congestion on your network? Is your router/modem any good?
The tracert doesn't show an issue with routing, it shows an issue with something on the second hop.
What tracert does is it sends 3 packets that are told to error out and respond after a certain number of router hops have been made. These are 3 tiny packets that should have at MOST like 5ms variance on the first 5-6 hops.
The columns for tracert are as follows (RTT=Round Trip Time aka the amount of time it took the packet to go from your PC, to the router, back to your PC.):
#ofHops RTTof1stPacket RTTof2ndPacket RTTof3rdPacket IP or hostname
What you're seeing is that immediately once the packets have to interact with anything beyond your default gateway, they spike randomly and can't form a coherent pattern. My first instinct is that your modem sucks, but don't spend money because I said that.
You don't even really care about WHERE your packets are going. The issue is the number of stops your packet needs to make along the way. Most of the connections you're taking are fiber lines so your packet is literally traveling at the speed of light, but then it gets to a router and slow poopy computer take 2ms to process and send the signal. Do this enough and you get high ping.
Your ISP won't help you, mostly because they really don't give a shit about your tf2 server ping, but also because the calculation of where to send packets is only run once and given a lease where it won't check again until a certain time has passed (in my experience a week but idk). In theory you might be able to change the MAC address of your router/modem and force the first hop router to run a new calculation of routes but it will likely lead to the same outcome.
What can you do? Uhhh hope US legislature catches up to the needs of the people not the needs of the ISPs. But we got rid of net neutrality so that seems unlikely. As for a solution today you could TRY using a VPN to get alternate route, one that takes less hops, that's what all those "gaming" vpns claim to do. But YMMV and most gaming VPNs are pretty much money grabs.